Impact of Elevation Change on the Physicochemical Properties of Forest Soil in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Table 5

Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) for selected soil physicochemical parameters and elevation.

Correlations
	Elevation	pH	EC	OC	OM	TN	C/N	Av. P	CEC	Ca^2+	Mg^2+	K^+	BD	Sand	Clay	Silt
Elv.	1
pH	0.198	1
EC	−0.046	0.201	1
OC	0.416	0.002	0.168	1
OM	0.411	−0.001	0.154	1.000	1
TN	0.436	−0.014	0.156	0.978	0.978	1
C/N	−0.048	0.078	0.349	−0.041	−0.06	−0.21	1
Av. P	−0.043	0.043	−0.02	−0.313	0.311	0.316	0.017	1
CEC	0.337	0.004	0.238	0.711	0.708	0.706	0.021	0.295	1
Ca^2+	−0.044	0.412	0.345	0.531	0.528	0.519	−0.092	−0.18	0.638	1
Mg^2+	0.271	−0.093	0.236	0.391	0.389	0.386	0.078	−0.241	0.537	0.168	1
K^+	−0.063	0.389	0.379	−0.051	−0.06	−0.07	0.241	0.274	−0.04	0.041	−0.1	1
BD	−0.697	0.002	0.119	−0.119	−0.11	−0.13	−0.019	−0.03	−0.14	0.142	−0.1	−0.064	1
Sand	0.444	0.17	0.015	−0.597	0.597	0.627	0.145	0.280	0.610	−0.187	−0.278	−0.031	0.219	1
Clay	0.395	−0.06	−0.05	0.683	0.684	0.684	−0.075	0.375	0.607	0.257	0.280	−0.124	0.185	−0.851	1
Silt	0.195	−0.2	0.056	0.061	0.06	0.118	−0.157	0.051	0.215	−0.024	0.09	0.251	0.096	−0.560	0.05	1

Elv. = elevation, EC = electric conductivity; OC = organic carbon; OM = organic matter; TN = total nitrogen; C/N = carbon to nitrogen ratio; Av. P = available phosphorus; CEC = cation exchange capacity; K⁺ = exchangeable potassium; Ca²⁺ = exchangeable calcium; Mg²⁺ = exchangeable magnesium; BD =  bulk density; significant at ; significant at between soil properties and elevation.