Phytoremediation of Engineered Nanoparticles Using Typha latifolia and Carex rostrata

Table 3

Metal uptake from exogenously applied ENPs and ionic metal by sedge and cattail.

Element	Plant species		Treatment	Total in roots (µg·g^−1)	Total in shoots (µg·g^−1)	LSD0.05	BCF	TF
Silver	Sedge		ENP	27.8 ± 10.7	71.9 ± 2.1	23.0	0.09	0.30
			Ionic	51.8 ± 11.5	21.0 ± 3.7	21.2	0.18	0.03
		LSD0.05		25.2	6.9		—	—
	Cattail		ENP	6.5 ± 7.7	0.9 ± 0.8	18.1	0.002	0.46
			Ionic	82.6 ± 91.3	17.7 ± 5.7	237.2	0.02	0.82
		LSD0.05		146.9	9.2		—	—
Titanium	Sedge		ENP	81.6 ± 68.5	140.5 ± 21.4	196.7	0.5	0.07
			Ionic	686.9 ± 97.8	304.7 ± 36.0	321.7	0.74	0.11
		LSD0.05		191.4	67.1		—	—
	Cattail		ENP	35.9 ± 24.6	21.0 ± 17.0	32.3	0.02	9.06
			Ionic	398.1 ± 221.2	63.5 ± 37.4	502.2	0.18	2.65
		LSD0.05		356.7	65.8		—	—
Zinc	Sedge		ENP	513.0 ± 191.8	1096.7 ± 168.9	471.0	0.4	0.49
			Ionic	64.9 ± 20.4	196.9 ± 194.2	43.8	0.14	0.30
		LSD0.05		309.1	272.4		—	—
	Cattail		ENP	1193.3 ± 223.7	98.5 ± 56.7	627.5	0.51	0.55
			Ionic	777.9 ± 153.5	53.2 ± 18.5	427.3	0.33	0.04
		LSD0.05		434.7	95.5		—	—
Bismuth	Sedge		ENP	84.1 ± 18.5	79.8 ± 30.3	63.8	0.07	0.829
			Ionic	174.1 ± 32.4	22.4 ± 0.00	80.4	0.68	0.015
		LSD0.05		59.8	48.6		—	—
	Cattail		ENP	293.5 ± 16.2	4.7 ± 3.5	34.8	0.11	0.150
			Ionic	254.3 ± 109.3	22.9 ± 0.8	273.0	0.12	0.984
		LSD0.05		177.1	5.8		—	—
Vanadium	Sedge		ENP	BDL	BDL	—	0.09	<0.01
			Ionic	147.0 ± 15.6	49.0 ± 69.1	136.1	0.83	0.089
		LSD0.05		25.0	110.8		—	—
	Cattail		ENP	27.5 ± 0.8	BDL	2.0	0.006	<0.01
			Ionic	176.9 ± 84.9	68.6 ± 84.0	367.3	0.33	1.821
		LSD0.05		143.2	134.6		—	—
Copper	Sedge		ENP	509.4 ± 80.5	482.1 ± 224.6	452.8	0.25	2.359
			Ionic	709.8 ± 457.8	452.2 ± 361.5	1,300.6	0.88	0.255
		LSD0.05		745.0	682.1		—	—
	Cattail		ENP	917.5 ± 340.1	68.6 ± 2.4	840.8	0.65	0.374
			Ionic	403.7 ± 65.6	15.4 ± 0.00	163.0	0.39	0.426
		LSD0.05		555.2	3.9		—	—

BDL = below detectable limits.