Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Measures and Slope Position on Selected Soil Attributes at a Watershed Scale

Table 3

Effects of SWC measures and slope gradient on selected soil physicochemical properties in the study watershed.

Slope classes	Conservation measures	Parameters
		Clay (%)	Silt (%)	Sand (%)	BD(g·cm^−3)	MC (%)	PD(g·cm^−3)	TP (%)	pH (H2O)	OC (%)	CEC(cmol (+) kg^−1)	TN (%)	Ava.P (ppm)	Ava.K(cmol (+) kg^−1)
Upper (30–60%)	C	34.00c	30.00de	36.00a	1.63	5.62	1.74	5.90	6.03e	1.02e	29.65	0.12	1.50e	0.33
	SFSB	43.33b	31.33cde	25.33de	1.39	9.29	1.98	29.48	6.12de	1.90c	36.20	0.14	2.48de	0.38
	SFSBG	37.33bc	36.67abc	26.00cde	1.28	14.23	2.10	38.84	6.17d	1.91c	37.73	0.14	3.21cde	0.53
	SB	35.33c	33.33bcde	31.33ab	1.31	12.93	1.94	32.51	6.08de	2.48ab	37.09	0.14	4.01 cd	0.58
Middle (15–30%)	C	37.33bc	32.00bcde	30.67abc	1.48	11.63	1.92	22.91	6.15d	1.35de	36.90	0.12	3.84 cd	0.43
	SFSB	34.00c	38.00ab	28.00bcd	1.21	16.30	2.30	47.61	6.43b	1.53 cd	44.17	0.15	4.41 cd	0.44
	SFSBG	37.33bc	36.00abcd	26.67bcde	1.07	19.71	2.44	55.22	6.48b	2.53ab	46.54	0.17	4.75c	0.59
	SB	35.33c	41.33a	23.33def	1.12	19.28	2.35	52.02	6.33c	2.02bc	44.78	0.17	7.90b	0.61
Lower (10–15%)	C	42.00b	35.33abcd	22.67ef	1.33	15.78	2.02	33.85	6.43b	1.71 cd	44.48	0.13	3.76 cd	0.49
	SFSB	34.67c	34.67bcd	30.67abc	1.13	17.86	2.63	56.90	6.70a	2.75a	50.65	0.19	7.38b	0.44
	SFSBG	34.67c	38.00ab	27.33bcde	1.05	24.72	2.75	61.72	6.75a	2.89a	50.72	0.19	9.30b	0.69
	SB	53.33a	28.00e	18.67f	1.06	20.88	2.76	54.94	6.70a	2.75a	49.74	0.19	11.59a	0.48
LSD (0.05)	6.91	6.29	4.98	4.98	Ns	Ns	Ns	Ns	0.09	0.51	Ns	Ns	2.07	Ns
CV (%)	9.95	10.75	10.82	10.82	12.97	17.10	16.71	11.46	8.60	14.61	12.64	19.59	22.92	19.59

BD = Bulk density, MC = moisture content, PD = particle density, TP = total porosity, CEC = cation exchange capacity, TN = total nitrogen, Ava.P = available phosphorus, Ava.K = available potassium, OC = organic carbon, C = nonconserved, SFSB = stone-faced soil bund, SFSBG = stone-faced soil bund stabilized with kidan grass, SB = soil bund, LSD = least significant difference, and CV = coefficient of variation.