Physical Quality and Porosity Aspects of Amazon Anthropogenic Soils under Different Management Systems

Table 2

Mean values of soil resistance to penetration (RP), soil bulk density (Bd), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (TP), and macropore density (Ma/TP) in Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) areas receiving three different management systems.

Soil	RP	Bd	Ma	Mi	TP	Ma/TP
Management	MPa	kg·dm^−3	m^3·m^−3			—
0.00–0.20 m
Native forest	1.10 b	1.26 b	0.27 a	0.29 a	0.56 a	0.48 a
Pigeon pea	1.32 ab	1.27 b	0.26 a	0.29 a	0.54 b	0.48 a
Pasture	1.46 a	1.36 a	0.19 a	0.32 a	0.51 c	0.37 b
0.20–0.40 m
Native forest	1.15 a	1.34 a	0.24 a	0.29 a	0.54 a	0.44 a
Pigeon pea	1.23 a	1.35 a	0.21 a	0.31 a	0.52 b	0.40 a
Pasture	1.36 a	1.41 a	0.17 a	0.32 a	0.49 c	0.35 b