Assessing the Spatial Variability of Soil Properties to Delineate Nutrient Management Zones in Smallholder Maize-Based System of Nigeria

Table 2

Pearson’s correlation matrix of soil properties in the study area.

Soil properties	pH	Sand (%)	Silt (%)	Clay (%)	OC (%)	TN (%)	Av.P (mg kg^−1)	Ca^2+ (cmol+ kg^−1)	Mg^2+ (cmol+ kg^−1)	K^+ (cmol+ kg^−1)	Na^+ (cmol+ kg^−1)	Zn (mg kg^−1)	Cu (mg kg^−1)	Mn (mg kg^−1)	Fe (mg kg^−1)	EA	ECEC (cmol+ kg^−1)
pH	1.00
Sand (%)	−0.13	1.00
Silt (%)	0.18	−0.82	1.00
Clay (%)	−0.06	−0.54	0.07	1.00
OC (%)	0.00	−0.68	0.47	0.38	1.00
TN (%)	−0.01	−0.62	0.38	0.40	0.86	1.00
Av.P (mg kg^−1)	0.13	0.00	0.02	−0.02	0.01	−0.02	1.00
Ca (cmol+ kg^−1)	0.05	−0.16	0.00	0.23	0.26	0.37	0.01	1.00
Mg (cmol+ kg^−1)	−0.04	−0.04	−0.06	0.07	0.15	0.24	−0.12	0.66	1.00
K (cmol+ kg^−1)	−0.05	−0.04	−0.16	0.18	0.27	0.36	0.07	0.23	0.20	1.00
Na (cmol+ kg^−1)	0.28	−0.34	0.44	−0.02	0.14	0.11	−0.04	0.14	−0.03	−0.20	1.00
Zn (mg kg^−1)	−0.19	0.23	−0.33	0.03	−0.07	−0.04	−0.02	0.02	0.02	0.11	−0.22	1.00
Cu (mg kg^−1)	−0.12	0.06	−0.15	0.10	0.10	0.17	−0.03	0.19	0.15	0.23	−0.12	0.05	1.00
Mn (mg kg^−1)	−0.21	0.03	−0.14	0.12	0.01	0.08	−0.08	0.16	0.17	0.22	−0.22	0.13	0.12	1.00
Fe (mg kg^−1)	0.01	−0.36	0.27	0.19	0.40	0.35	−0.05	0.01	−0.10	0.08	0.16	−0.07	0.00	−0.05	1.00
EA	−0.30	0.37	−0.56	0.13	−0.13	−0.11	−0.12	0.10	0.21	0.31	−0.53	0.32	0.18	0.28	−0.16	1.00
ECEC (cmol+ kg^−1)	0.02	−0.14	−0.04	0.22	0.27	0.39	−0.02	0.97	0.79	0.35	0.08	0.04	0.21	0.20	−0.01	0.18	1.00

Note. OC: organic carbon, TN: total nitrogen, Av.P: available phosphorus, Ca: calcium, Mg: magnesium, Na: sodium, K: exchangeable potassium, ECEC: effective cation exchange capacity, Zn: zinc, Cu: copper, Mn: manganese, Fe: iron, and EA: exchangeable acidity. Correlation is significant at 1% probability level. Correlation is significant at a 5% level of probability.