Influences of Farming Practices on Soil Properties and the 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline Content of Khao Dawk Mali 105 Rice Grains

Table 1

Statistical summary of the physicochemical properties and microbial population of the soil for organic and conventional rice farming systems.

Variable	Unit	Organic rice farming				Conventional rice farming
		Minimum	Maximum	Mean	S.D.	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	S.D.
pH		4.36	5.32	4.87	0.31	4.88	5.96	5.41	0.39
EC	dS m^−1	0.54	2.54	1.25	0.67	0.18	1.54	0.54	0.40
SOM	%	0.84	2.41	1.41	0.55	0.30	1.03	0.66	0.23
Humic acid	%	1.05	1.78	1.29	0.25	0.24	1.47	0.74	0.40
CEC	cmolc kg^−1	1.98	7.66	4.22	2.25	1.19	5.15	3.01	1.36
Total N	%	0.04	0.12	0.07	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.03	0.01
Avail. P	mg kg^−1	2.44	37.53	13.68	13.92	2.38	139.16	30.12	45.53
Exch. K	mg kg^−1	34.08	131.91	73.70	35.57	9.01	159.49	67.28	49.25
Exch. Ca	mg kg^−1	101.72	1307.35	377.50	376.49	59.00	651.96	262.57	194.36
Exch. Mg	mg kg^−1	9.46	197.46	42.51	59.53	2.66	31.16	17.79	11.13
Extr. S	mg kg^−1	9.10	222.99	38.96	69.41	2.53	24.78	10.40	6.11
Sand	%	34.90	83.20	64.88	17.86	25.00	80.80	53.49	20.91
Silt	%	12.70	53.60	25.68	13.46	15.10	58.30	38.64	17.32
Clay	%	4.10	18.20	9.44	5.68	3.20	19.00	7.87	4.93
Bacteria	(×10^5) cfu g^−1	80.51	620.60	277.12	186.99	10.12	50.72	22.61	15.78
Actinomycetes	(×10^5) cfu g^−1	2.08	23.70	12.98	8.84	0.02	1.56	0.91	0.54
Fungi	(×10^5) cfu g^−1	0.42	1.78	1.00	0.37	0.11	0.29	0.22	0.06