A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Interleukin-40 as a Biomarker for Diagnosing Inflammatory Diseases

Figure 2

Adapted from [22]. IL-40 is expressed by immune cells in the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition to the synovial lining, IL-40 positivity (green) was observed in infiltrating cells of RA synovial tissue, demonstrated by specific marker staining (red) for T lymphocytes (CD3), B-lymphocytes (CD20), macrophages (CD68), and neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO). Nuclei were stained by DAPI (blue). Representative images of immunofluorescence staining are shown at ×200 magnification (RA, n = 4). DAPI, 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.