The Increasing Level of DKK-1 as a New Bone Formation Factor in Patients with Early Spondyloarthritis

Table 2

Patients’ characteristics differences based on disease duration.

Characteristics	Early SpA (≤5 years)	Established SpA (>5 years)	value
Age (years)	34.14 ± 8.76	35.18 ± 8.70	0.745
BMI	22.50 ± 4.15	22.46 ± 4.93	0.983
ESR (mm/hour)	24 (11–44)	49 (27–82)	0.054
CRP (mg/L)	2.35 (1.7–8.8)	12.70 (4.6–26.6)	0.028
ASDAS-ESR	2.34 ± 0.96	3.28 ± 1.10	0.018
ASDAS-CRP	1.94 ± 0.98	2.83 ± 1.05	0.022
Serum DKK-1 level (pg/dL)	7365 ± 2067	5360 ± 1054	0.001

BMI: body mass index, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, ASDAS: ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score, and DKK-1: dickkopf-related protein 1; indicates a significant value ().