Research Article
The Increasing Level of DKK-1 as a New Bone Formation Factor in Patients with Early Spondyloarthritis
Table 1
Patients’ characteristics.
| | Characteristics | Value (n (%)/mean ± SD/median (95% CI)) |
| | Sex (male: female) | 15 (48.4) : 16 (51.6) | | Age (years) | 34.71 ± 8.59 | | BMI | 22.48 ± 4.52 | | Underweight | 7 (22.58) | | Normal | 12 (38.71) | | Overweight | 3 (9.68) | | Obese | 9 (29.03) | | Disease duration (years) | 5.97 ± 3.47 | | Early (≤5 years) | 14 (45.16) | | Established (>5 years) | 17 (54.84) | | Phenotype | | Axial | 9 (29) | | Axial and peripheral | 22 (71) | | ESR (mm/hour) | 29 (20–61) | | CRP (mg/L) | 12.87 (2.4–14) | | ASDAS-ESR | 2.85 ± 1.12 | | ASDAS-CRP | 2.43 ± 1.09 | | Serum DKK-1 level (pg/dL) | 6265 ± 1863 | | Treatment | | DMARD | 16 (51.61) | | Non-DMARD | 15 (48.39) |
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SD: standard deviation, CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, ASDAS: ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score, mSASSS: modified stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score, DKK-1: dickkopf-related protein 1, and DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.
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