|
| Category | No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | No. 5 |
|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 15 |
| Gender | F | M | F | F | F |
| Constitutional symptoms/weight loss | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
|
| Cutaneous lesion |
| (i) Vesiculobullous pattern | Generalized tense bullae with varying sizes on the face, trunk, back, and extremities | Generalized tense bullae with varying sizes on the face, lips, trunk, back, and genitalia | Multiple tense bullae on the lips, perioral, and genital area | Multiple tense bullae on the lips, mucosa, and genital area | Large and multiple tense bullae on the lips and perioral area |
| (ii) Oral ulcer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (iii) Mucosal lesions | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (iv) Other cutaneous manifestation | No | Cutaneous vasculitis, palmar erythema | Malar rash | Discoid rash on the scalp with scarring alopecia | No |
|
| Histopathological tissue compatible with SLE |
| (i) Skin | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| (ii) Kidney | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| (iii) Other tissue | No | No | No | Pericardium | No |
|
| Systemic involvement |
| Neurological involvement | No | Yes (Seizure) | Yes (Seizure) | No | No |
| Polyarthritis | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Serositis | Yes (pleural effusion) | Yes (pleural effusion) | Yes (pleural and pericardial effusion) | Yes (pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade) | Yes (pleural effusion) |
| Hematological abnormalities | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (i) AIHA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (ii) Lymphopenia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (iii) Thrombocytopenia | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (iv) MAS/HLH | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| (v) DCT | Negative | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| Renal involvement | Yes | Yes | Yes (LN class IV) | Yes (LN class IV) | Yes |
| (i) Hypertension | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| (ii) BUN/Creatinine | 72.7/2.73 | 5.3/1.73 | 33/1.4 | 26.9/1.77 | 23/1.07 |
| (iii) Proteinuria | Yes (protein 4+) | Yes (protein 1+) | Yes (protein 3+) | Yes (protein 2+) | Yes (protein 3+) |
| (iv) Glomerulonephritis | Yes (RBC 10–20) | Yes (RBC 5–10) | Yes (RBC 20–30) | Yes (RBC 30–50) | Yes (RBC 10–20) |
| (v) UPCR (mg/mg) | 3 | 5.7 | 7.5 | 3.7 | 2 |
| (Normal range <0.2) | | | | | |
|
| Complement levels |
| (i) C3 (normal range 90–180) | Low (52.9) | Low (9.8) | Low (12.3) | Low (22) | Low (18) |
| (ii) C4 (normal range 10–40) | Low (10.7) | Low (0.6) | Low (6) | Low (7) | Low (5) |
| Vitamin D level (normal range >20) | Low (8.24) | Low (23 | Deficiency | N/A | N/A |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.0 |
|
| ANA | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| Coarse speckle type | Coarse speckle type | Homogenous type | Homogenous type | Coarse speckle type |
| 1 : 2560 | 1 : 2560 | 1 : 1280 | 1 : 5120 | 1 : 2560 |
|
| Anti-dsDNA | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| 720 IU/ml | 104.8 IU/ml | | | |
|
| Anti-smith | Positive | Negative | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 116 IU/ml | | | | |
|
| Treatments | Dapsone | Dapsone | Prednisolone | Dapsone | Dapsone |
| Prednisolone | IVIG | MMF | Prednisolone | Prednisolone |
| MMF | Prednisolone | CP | MMF | HCQ |
| HCQ | MMF | HCQ | HCQ | |
| | HCQ | | | |
|
| Outcomes |
| (i) Cutaneous clearance (days) | 14 | 56 | 7 | 5 | 10 |
| (ii) Long-term cutaneous lesions | Discolouration hypopigmentation on the involved area | Discolouration on the involved area | Hypopigmentation on the involved area | Complete recovery | Complete recovery |
|
| (iii) Renal impairment | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| LN | LN | LN | LN | LN |
|
| (iv) Hematological abnormalities | Improve | Improve | Recovery | Recovery | Recovery |
|
