Mechanisms of Oxidative Damage in Multiple Sclerosis and a Cell Therapy Approach to Treatment
Figure 1
Cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrative species. Oxygen is reduced to superoxide (O2−) during inflammation, and nitric oxide (NO−) is generated by the action of inflammatory nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on L-arginine. In the absence of detoxifying enzymes, NO− and O2− react to produce the highly toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) competes for the superoxide anion and dismutes it to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which can then be removed by the enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).
