Research Article

Nonnegative Matrix Factorizations Performing Object Detection and Localization

Table 1

Algorithm performances when applied to CarData, USPS, and ORL dataset, respectively. Reported values refer to the lowest and highest values of the factor rank π‘Ÿ as previously described.

          CarData
Rank 20 110
Method MSE Time o r t h ( π‘Š ) MSE Time o r t h ( π‘Š )

NMF 2 . 4 4 1 𝑒 9 275 8 . 7 4 1 1 𝑒 4 1 . 4 5 7 𝑒 9 453 4 . 4 4 3 5 𝑒 5
LNMF 2 . 4 0 4 𝑒 1 0 292 4.9734 2 . 3 7 3 𝑒 1 0 472 10.2373
NMFsc 2 . 5 5 9 𝑒 9 695 6 . 7 8 1 8 𝑒 9 1 . 4 2 2 𝑒 9 1265 1 . 5 8 2 5 𝑒 9
DLPP 2 . 6 6 4 𝑒 9 2271 1.5627 1 . 6 5 7 𝑒 9 25913.3221

          USPS
Rank 80 220
Method MSE Time o r t h ( π‘Š ) MSE Time o r t h ( π‘Š )

NMF 1 . 2 9 7 𝑒 4 397 2 . 8 1 6 6 𝑒 4 3 . 0 3 1 𝑒 3 847 1 . 2 1 4 2 𝑒 5
LNMF 1 . 3 3 1 𝑒 5 374 6.6387 1 . 6 0 9 𝑒 4 1427 6.4695
NMFsc 1 . 3 1 8 𝑒 4 777 5 . 2 8 5 4 𝑒 4 5 . 5 6 8 𝑒 3 1409 2 . 7 7 6 1 𝑒 4
DLPP 1 . 5 0 7 𝑒 4 637 3.4077 1 . 2 4 9 𝑒 3 1144 3.2623

          ORL
Rank 20 80
Method MSE Time o r t h ( π‘Š ) MSE Time o r t h ( π‘Š )

NMF 1 . 0 2 7 𝑒 9 496 1 . 5 7 0 1 𝑒 5 5 . 4 1 3 𝑒 8 705 6 . 0 5 7 7 𝑒 5
LNMF 3 . 1 0 4 𝑒 1 0 556 4.4656 3 . 0 8 0 𝑒 1 0 781 8.8920
NMFsc 1 . 4 2 5 𝑒 9 1362 1 . 0 7 6 2 𝑒 1 0 6 . 1 8 3 𝑒 8 2164 2 . 2 6 7 4 𝑒 9
DLPP 1 . 3 2 3 𝑒 9 14824 1.7690 8 . 1 4 5 𝑒 8 152783.4647