Mechanical Strength and Microstructure Properties of Concrete Incorporating Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate: A State-of-the-Art Review

Table 3

Mechanical and physical characteristics of CS.

Property	References
	[50]	[51]	[52]	[44]	[53]	[6]	[54]	[5]
Particle shape	Irregular	Angular, multifaced	Irregular	Irregular	—	—	—	—
Appearance	Black and glassy	—	Black and glassy	Black and glassy	—	—	Black and glassy	—
Type	Air-cooled	—	Air-cooled	—	—	—	—	—
Specific gravity	3.91	3.5	3.37	3.86	3.57	3.51	3.572	3.83
Percentage of the voids (%)	43	—	43.2	—	—	—	40	—
Bulk density	2.08	1.87	2.08	—	1.85	—	1.885	2.120
Fineness modulus	3.47	—	3.43	4.437	2.8	3.11	—	2.206
Water absorption (%)	0.15–0.2	—	0.3–0.4	0.13	0.46	0.36	0.35	0.5
Moisture content (%)	<0.1	—	0.1	0.1	<0.5	—	—	—
Particle size	—	—	—	0.3–0.4	—	—	—	—
Hardness	—	—	—	6–7	6–7	—	—	—