Morphometry of the Orbit in East-European Population Based on Three-Dimensional CT Reconstruction

Table 5

Comparison of the orbital distances between different nations.

Study		Rontal	McQueen	Danko	Hwang	Karakas	Huanmanop	Nitek		Ji		Abed	Abed	Munguti		Fetouh		Nitek (present study)
Specimens		Dry skulls	Cadavers	Cadavers	Dry skulls	Dry skulls	Dry skulls	Dry skulls		CT		Cadavers	Cadavers	?		Dry skulls		CT
Number		48	54	16	82	62	100	189		64		47	47	?		104		100
Date		1979	1995	1998	1999	2002	2007	2009		2010		2011	2012	2012		2014		2015
Ethnicity		Indian	US	US	Korean	Male Turkish	Thai	Caucasian medieval		Chinese		Caucasian	British Caucasian	Kenyan		Egyptian		Caucasian
Measured distances								Male	Female	Male	Female			Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Medial quadrate	ALC-OC	42	43,29	44,1	40,5	41,7	42,2	42,30	39,97	46,43	44,41	NA	43,77	NA	NA	47,25	46,21	40,40	38,39
	ALC-AEF	24	21,96	NA	21	23,9	23,5	22,80	21,59	NA	NA	NA	25,61	NA	NA	26,76	26,17	21,28	20,55
	ALC-PEF	36	33,36	NA	31,7	35,6	36	34,42	32,28	NA	NA	NA	36,09	NA	NA	35,39	35,26	33,06	31,80
Inferior quadrate	Infraorbital foramen-OC	48	49,73	39,4	45,5	NA	46,2	49,33	46,59	47,93	46,18	43,23	NA	55,18	53,63	51,76	50,53	45,24	42,79
	Infraorbital foramen to FOI	24	37,43	NA	21,6	NA	21,7	24,62	22,55	NA	NA	25,4	NA	23,56	22,28	24,62	23,6	23,33	20,85
Superior quadrate	Supraorbital foramen-OC	40	44,34	44,5	44,9	45,3	44,7	48,57	45,60	52,93	50,89	NA	NA	53,25	51,93	49,64	48,16	46,49	43,29
	Supraorbital foramen to SOF	35	36,59	NA	40	NA	40	44,27	41,16	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	46,23	45,26	42,32	39,39
Lateral quadrate	FZS-OC	43	47,1	38,3	47,4	44,9	46,9	48,30	45,67	48,38	46,91	NA	NA	NA	NA	44,25	43,58	46,15	43,58
	FZS-SOF	35	36,59	NA	34,3	NA	34,5	36,88	33,82	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	39,94	39,12	34,06	32,62
	FZS-IOF	25	40,92	NA	24,8	NA	24	29,42	27,83	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	29,08	27,32	24,62	23,46

McQueen et al. [15] studied only orbit on the one side.